Polymarket Copytrading

Mirror positions from successful Polymarket traders using the Simmer SDK. Two modes share the same skill, use whichever fits your strategy.

🚨 Framework, not a production trading system. Read DISCLAIMER.md before connecting to a wallet with real funds. Per-position cap defaults to $50; per-run cap defaults to 10 trades. Use $SIM paper-mode to validate any new whale selection before scaling to real USDC.

This is a template. The default logic mirrors whale wallets — remix it with your own wallet selection, sizing rules, filters, or cap logic. The skill handles all the plumbing (signal polling, trade execution, dedup, signing). Your agent provides the alpha.

| | Polling mode (free) | Reactor mode (Pro) | |---|---|---| | Entrypoint | copytrading_trader.py | copytrading_trader.py --reactor | | Cadence | Batch scan, runs on cron or manual | Polls every 2s for pre-resolved whale signals | | Latency | Minutes (Polymarket Data API polling) | Seconds (Simmer detects events in real-time, pre-confirmation) | | Strategy | Size-weighted aggregation across wallets, conviction tiering, rebalance to target allocations, drift/stale filters | Event-by-event mirror with fixed mirror_fraction sizing, programmatic filters | | Best for | Portfolio-aware, multi-whale, periodic scans | Real-time reaction to specific whales as they trade | | Requires | SIMMER_API_KEY | SIMMER_API_KEY + Simmer Pro plan |

Setup Flow

When user asks to install or configure this skill:

Install the Simmer SDK (version 0.9.19 or newer — reactor mode requires it)
```
pip install -U 'simmer-sdk>=0.9.19'
```
Ask for Simmer API key
- They can get it from simmer.markets/dashboard → SDK tab
- Store in environment as SIMMER_API_KEY
Ask for wallet private key (required for live trading on Polymarket)
- This is the private key for their Polymarket wallet (the wallet that holds USDC)
- Store in environment as WALLET_PRIVATE_KEY
- The SDK uses this to sign orders client-side automatically — no manual signing needed
- Not needed for $SIM paper trading
Ask about settings (or confirm defaults)
- Target wallets: Whale addresses to copy
- Max per position: Amount per trade (default $50)
- Top N positions: How many positions to track (auto-calculated from balance)
- Max trades per run: Safety cap (default 10)

When to Use This Skill

Use this skill when the user wants to:

Copytrade whale wallets on Polymarket
Paper trade (copytrade with $SIM) to test strategies without real money
Check what positions a wallet holds
Follow specific trader addresses
Check their copytrading positions

Quick Commands

# Check account balance and positions
python scripts/status.py

# Detailed position list
python scripts/status.py --positions

API Reference:

Base URL: https://api.simmer.markets
Auth: Authorization: Bearer $SIMMER_API_KEY
Portfolio: GET /api/sdk/portfolio
Positions: GET /api/sdk/positions

Finding Whale Wallets

predicting.top — Leaderboard of top Polymarket traders with wallet addresses
alphawhale.trade — Tools for copying and tracking top performers
Polymarket Leaderboard — Official rankings (requires account)

Quick Start (Ad-Hoc Usage)

User provides wallet(s) directly in chat:

User: "Copytrade this wallet: 0x1234...abcd"
User: "What positions does 0x5678...efgh have?"
User: "Follow these whales: 0xaaa..., 0xbbb..."

→ Run with --wallets flag:

python copytrading_trader.py --wallets 0x1234...abcd
python copytrading_trader.py --wallets 0xaaa...,0xbbb... --dry-run

This is the simplest way - no setup needed, just pass wallets directly.

Persistent Setup (Optional)

For automated recurring scans, wallets can be saved in environment:

| Setting | Environment Variable | Default | |---------|---------------------|---------| | Target wallets | SIMMER_COPYTRADING_WALLETS | (none) | | Top N positions | SIMMER_COPYTRADING_TOP_N | auto | | Max per position | SIMMER_COPYTRADING_MAX_USD | 50 | | Max trades/run | SIMMER_COPYTRADING_MAX_TRADES | 10 | | Order type | SIMMER_COPYTRADING_ORDER_TYPE | GTC | | Cadence mode | COPYTRADING_CADENCE_MODE | polling | | Force Simmer venue | COPYTRADING_FORCE_SIMMER_VENUE | (unset) |

Cadence mode (v1.11+)

COPYTRADING_CADENCE_MODE controls how many trades the skill attempts per polling run. Choose based on how frequently your setup runs:

| Preset | Max trades/run | When to use | |--------|---------------|-------------| | polling | 10 | Default. Original polling-mode behavior — unchanged for existing installs | | balanced | 50 | More active polling, want a higher per-run budget | | aggressive | 200 | High-frequency polling setups |

export COPYTRADING_CADENCE_MODE=balanced

Existing installs default to polling — no behavior change unless you explicitly set this variable.

Reactor mode note: cadence_mode controls polling-mode trade budget only. In Reactor mode, each whale signal is handled individually by _process_reactor_signal — the per-run cap doesn't apply. If you hit Daily trade limit reached (10/day) in Reactor mode, raise the server-side limit via:
curl -X PATCH "https://api.simmer.markets/api/sdk/user/settings" \
  -H "Authorization: Bearer $SIMMER_API_KEY" \
  -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
  -d '{"max_trades_per_day": 200}'

Position cap: The per-market position cap is controlled by SIMMER_COPYTRADING_MAX_USD (default 50). Raise it to allow larger positions per market.

Top N auto-calculation (when not specified):

Balance < $50: Top 5 positions
Balance $50-200: Top 10 positions
Balance $200-500: Top 25 positions
Balance $500+: Top 50 positions

Polymarket Constraints:

Minimum 5 shares per order
SDK enforces $1.00 minimum position value (filters dust positions)

⚠️ Start Conservative: Begin with small amounts (--max-usd 5-10) and --dry-run to understand how the skill behaves before scaling up.

How It Works

By default, only buys execute. Pass --rebalance to also sell positions the whales have exited, or --whale-exits to sell only on whale exits.

Each cycle the script:

Fetches positions from all target wallets via Simmer API
Combines using size-weighted aggregation (larger wallets = more influence)
Detects conflicts (one wallet long YES, another long NO) and skips those markets
Scores by conviction: positions held by 2+ wallets get full sizing, single-wallet positions get 50% sizing
Filters out drifted (>30% from entry) and stale (>90% or <10% price) positions
Applies Top-N filtering to concentrate on highest-conviction positions
Auto-imports missing markets from Polymarket
Calculates rebalance trades to match target allocations
Executes trades via Simmer SDK (respects spending limits)
Reports results back to user

Reactor Mode (Pro) — event-driven real-time mirroring

Requires Simmer Pro. The reactor stream is gated by users.is_pro. Upgrade at simmer.markets/dashboard if you see a 402 error on connect.

Reactor mode polls Simmer for pre-resolved whale trade signals derived from real-time on-chain settlement data. Simmer detects whale trades as they happen — even before on-chain confirmation — and delivers trade-ready signals to your skill. Unlike polling mode (which batches and rebalances), reactor reacts to each whale trade individually.

How it's different from polling mode

Event-driven, not batched. Each whale settlement is evaluated and acted on independently.
Fixed per-event sizing. mirror_fraction × whale size, capped at max_size. No conviction tiering, no rebalance math.
Server-side watchlist filter. Your watchlist + min_size are stored in Simmer's reactor config and applied on the server before events reach your skill — you only see matches.
Pre-resolved signals. The server resolves Polymarket condition IDs to Simmer market UUIDs before writing the signal — the skill receives trade-ready payloads.
Two run modes. Loop mode (default, polls every 2s) or --once for cron-style single poll and exit.
Circuit breaker. 5 consecutive trade failures → signals are skipped until the next success. Prevents runaway failures from draining your wallet.
Server-side dedup. Signals have a 60-second TTL in Redis and are deleted after successful execution. No local state files needed.
Buys only (MVP). Reactor currently mirrors whale buys only — sell signals are filtered out server-side by the relay. If a whale exits a position, reactor won't mirror the sell. Sell mirroring is planned for a future release.

Configure your reactor watchlist

Reactor uses Simmer-side config (not env vars), so dashboard edits take effect in seconds without restarting the skill.

# Set your watchlist via the Simmer API
curl -X PATCH "https://api.simmer.markets/api/sdk/reactor/config" \
  -H "Authorization: Bearer $SIMMER_API_KEY" \
  -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
  -d '{
    "wallets": ["0x1234...abcd", "0x5678...efgh"],
    "min_size": 1000,
    "max_size": 50,
    "mirror_fraction": 0.01,
    "daily_cap": 100,
    "venue": "sim",
    "enabled": true
  }'

Fields:

| Field | Meaning | |---|---| | wallets | Whale addresses to follow (EVM format, lowercased server-side) | | min_size | Minimum whale trade size to consider (shares) | | max_size | Cap on your mirror trade size (shares) | | mirror_fraction | Fraction of whale size to mirror (e.g. 0.01 = 1%) | | daily_cap | Max total spend per day in venue-native units | | venue | sim / polymarket / kalshi | | enabled | Pause reactor by setting false — server will stop delivering events | | price_buffer | Fraction added above whale's fill price for your buy order. Default 0.02 (2%). Prevents order failures on thin books after whale clears liquidity. Range 0–0.2. |

Run reactor mode

Recommended: cron with --once — polls for pending signals once and exits. Run on a 1-minute cron for reliable, persistent coverage:

# Linux crontab
*/1 * * * * cd /path/to/skill && python copytrading_trader.py --reactor --once --live

# OpenClaw cron
openclaw cron add --name "reactor-poll" --cron "*/1 * * * *" --tz UTC --session isolated \
  --message "Run: cd /path/to/skill && python3 copytrading_trader.py --reactor --once"

# One-off check
python copytrading_trader.py --reactor --once

Why cron? Reactor signals expire after a short window. A cron ensures your agent checks for signals reliably, even after reboots or process crashes. If your polling process stops, signals expire silently — cron prevents this.

Advanced: loop mode — polls every 2s continuously. Lower latency but requires a process manager (launchd, systemd, supervisor) to auto-restart on crash. Not recommended for agent runtimes with exec timeouts.

# With a process manager (launchd, systemd, supervisor)
python copytrading_trader.py --reactor

# Plain shell (will not auto-restart)
nohup python copytrading_trader.py --reactor > reactor.log 2>&1 &

Set REACTOR_POLL_INTERVAL_SECONDS to tune the polling cadence (default 2s).

Note: Reactor mode always executes live trades (venue is set in your reactor config). Use venue: "sim" in your config to paper trade.

What happens per signal

Skill polls GET /api/sdk/reactor/pending for pre-resolved whale signals
Circuit breaker check: if 5+ consecutive failures in recent reactions, skip this tick
For each signal: compute mirror size (taker_size × mirror_fraction, capped by max_size, floored at 5-share Polymarket minimum)
If below minimum → skipped_filter reaction, no trade
SimmerClient.trade() with skill_slug="polymarket-copytrading" and source="sdk:copytrading:reactor"
On success: DELETE the signal from /api/sdk/reactor/pending/{tx_hash} and POST a mirrored reaction
On failure: POST a failed reaction, leave signal (60s TTL clears it)

Example output

[reactor] price_buffer=0.020 (from config)
[reactor] --once: single poll against /api/sdk/reactor/pending
[reactor] 0 pending signals

When a whale trade matches your watchlist:

[reactor] price_buffer=0.020 (from config)
[reactor] loop mode: polling /api/sdk/reactor/pending every 2.0s
[reactor] 1 pending signal(s)
[reactor] 0xbaa2bc... BUY 7067 shares on "Will Iran strike Iraq by April 30, 2026?"
[reactor] mirror: 70.67 shares @ $0.673 (buffer +2.0%) → GTC order placed
[reactor] ✅ mirrored — trade_id=a23dc52a, signal deleted

Reactor venue auto-routing (v1.11+)

When Reactor signals arrive sized above Simmer's 500 $SIM per-trade cap, the skill automatically routes them to Polymarket instead of failing silently. This lets you follow whale sizing without hitting the LMSR hard cap:

[reactor] 0xbaa2bc... amount 800.00 $SIM > 500 $SIM cap → routing to polymarket
[reactor] ✅ 0xbaa2bc... mirrored 800.00 USD trade_id=a23dc52a

Edge cases:

No Polymarket wallet configured: skill falls back to a 500 $SIM-capped trade and logs the routing decision. You won't miss the signal entirely.
COPYTRADING_FORCE_SIMMER_VENUE=true: disables auto-routing. Signals above 500 $SIM are capped at 500 and traded on Simmer venue.
Signal already targets Polymarket: no change — auto-routing only fires on sim venue signals.

External wallets just work

Reactor mode runs in your harness, so SimmerClient.trade() signs locally with your existing wallet setup (managed, or external via WALLET_PRIVATE_KEY). No server-side signing, no OWS dependency, no new keys to manage.

When to use polling vs reactor

Use polling when you want portfolio-style copying: aggregate across multiple whales, rebalance to target allocations, run periodically from cron, filter drifted/stale positions. Doesn't require Pro.
Use reactor when you want real-time reaction to individual whale trades, fixed per-event sizing, and pre-resolved signals. Requires Pro.
Use both if you want: polling for your steady-state portfolio alignment + reactor for opportunistic real-time mirroring. Different flags, same skill, same API key.

$SIM Paper Trading

Copytrading supports $SIM mode — mirror whale positions using simulated money on Simmer's LMSR markets. No wallet or USDC required.

# Paper trade with $SIM (explicit)
python copytrading_trader.py --venue sim --wallets 0x123... --live

# Auto-detect: if your account has no linked wallet, $SIM is used automatically
python copytrading_trader.py --wallets 0x123... --live

In $SIM mode:

Trades execute on Simmer's LMSR at real Polymarket prices
Each market gets an independent $10K $SIM balance
Positions tracked in your Simmer portfolio (source: sdk:copytrading)
Whale signals still come from real Polymarket data

Running the Skill

Run a scan (dry run by default — no trades):

python copytrading_trader.py

Execute real trades:

python copytrading_trader.py --live

Check positions only:

python copytrading_trader.py --positions

View current config:

python copytrading_trader.py --config

Override wallets for one run:

python copytrading_trader.py --wallets 0x123...,0x456...

Full rebalance mode (includes sells):

python copytrading_trader.py --rebalance

Sell when whales exit positions:

python copytrading_trader.py --whale-exits

Reporting Results

After each run, message the user with:

Current configuration (wallets, Top N, max position)
Number of wallets fetched and total positions found
Markets skipped due to conflicts
Trades executed (or skipped with reason)
Current portfolio positions

Example output to share:

🐋 Copytrading Scan Complete

Configuration:
• Following 2 wallets
• Top 10 positions, max $50 each
• Balance: $250.00 USDC

Fetched positions:
• 0x1234...abcd: 15 positions
• 0x5678...efgh: 22 positions
• Combined: 28 unique markets
• Conflicts skipped: 2

Top 10 by allocation:
1. "Will BTC hit $100k?" - 18.5% → BUY YES
2. "Trump pardons X?" - 12.3% → BUY NO
3. "Fed rate cut Jan?" - 9.8% → Already held
...

Trades executed: 4 buys ($180 total)
• Bought 45 YES shares on "Will BTC hit $100k?" @ $0.82
• Bought 120 NO shares on "Trump pardons X?" @ $0.15
...

Next scan in 4 hours.

Example Conversations

User: "Copytrade 0x1234...abcd" → Run: python copytrading_trader.py --wallets 0x1234...abcd → Report what positions that wallet has and what trades would execute

User: "What is 0x5678...efgh holding?" → Run: python copytrading_trader.py --wallets 0x5678...efgh --dry-run → Show their positions without trading

User: "Follow these wallets: 0xaaa..., 0xbbb..., 0xccc..." → Run: python copytrading_trader.py --wallets 0xaaa...,0xbbb...,0xccc... → Aggregate positions across all wallets, report results

User: "Copytrade this whale but only top 5 positions" → Run: python copytrading_trader.py --wallets 0x... --top-n 5

User: "How are my positions doing?" → Run: python copytrading_trader.py --positions → Show current Polymarket positions with P&L

User: "Show copytrading config" → Run: python copytrading_trader.py --config → Display current settings

User: "Sell positions that whales have exited" → Run: python copytrading_trader.py --whale-exits → Compares your positions to whales, sells any they've closed

User: "Do a full rebalance to match the whales" → Run: python copytrading_trader.py --rebalance → Includes both buys AND sells to match whale allocations

Finding Good Wallets to Follow

Common approaches:

Leaderboard tracking: Check Polymarket leaderboards for consistent performers
Whale watchers: Follow known profitable traders on social media
Specific strategies: Follow wallets known for weather, politics, or crypto trades

The skill works best when:

Following 2-5 wallets with overlapping strategies (e.g. all politics-focused, or all crypto-focused)
Wallets have similar conviction — mixing very different traders means most positions only appear in one wallet and get reduced sizing (50%)
Wallets trade markets available on Polymarket

Conviction Tiers

When following multiple wallets, positions are scored by conviction:

High conviction (held by 2+ wallets): full position sizing (max_usd)
Low conviction (held by 1 wallet): 50% position sizing

High-conviction positions are prioritized in Top N selection. Single-wallet positions still trade, but with reduced size. Using just 1 wallet disables conviction scoring (all positions get full sizing).

Troubleshooting

"Order too small" / "below minimum (5)"

Polymarket requires minimum 5 shares per order
Increase --max-usd or reduce --top-n to concentrate into fewer positions

"No wallets specified"

Provide wallet addresses in your message, e.g., "copytrade 0x1234..."
Or set SIMMER_COPYTRADING_WALLETS environment variable for recurring scans

"Agent has no USDC balance"

Need USDC in your Polymarket wallet, or use --venue sim for $SIM paper trading
Check wallet is linked at simmer.markets/dashboard

"Conflict skipped"

Wallets disagree on this market (one long YES, other long NO)
Markets with net position < 10% are skipped

"All N positions filtered (X conflicts, Y drifted, Z stale)"

All whale positions were removed by safety filters
Try different target wallets, or reduce to 1 wallet to disable conviction scoring
Drift filter skips positions where price moved >30% from whale's entry
Stale filter skips near-resolved markets (price >90% or <10%)

"Insufficient balance"

Not enough USDC for all trades
Reduce SIMMER_COPYTRADING_TOP_N or SIMMER_COPYTRADING_MAX_USD

"Market could not be imported"

Some markets may not be importable (resolved, private, etc.)
These are skipped automatically

"External wallet requires a pre-signed order"

WALLET_PRIVATE_KEY is not set in the environment
The SDK signs orders automatically when this env var is present — no manual signing code needed
Fix: export WALLET_PRIVATE_KEY=0x<your-polymarket-wallet-private-key>
Do NOT attempt to sign orders manually or modify the skill code — the SDK handles it

"Balance shows $0 but I have funds on Polygon"

Polymarket V2 (live 2026-04-28) uses pUSD (PolyUSD, 1:1 backed by USDC.e). If your wallet holds USDC.e, migrate at simmer.markets/dashboard with one click (~30s)
If you bridged native USDC (Circle), swap to USDC.e first, then migrate to pUSD
Full migration guide: docs.simmer.markets/v2-migration