TRIZ Taking Out / Extraction (Principle #2)

Overview

Taking Out (also called Extraction or Separation) is the second of Altshuller's 40 Inventive Principles from TRIZ. Unlike full segmentation, Taking Out is selective: extract only the interfering part (to remove harm) or the essential part (to optimize it independently).

The principle operates in two directions:

Extract Harm - Remove the problematic component to a location where it causes no damage
Extract Value - Separate the useful component to place it where it functions best

The key insight: when a system creates both value and harm in the same location, physically separating the source of harm (or moving the valuable function) often resolves contradictions that seem impossible.

When to Use

A useful function creates harmful byproducts in its current location
Environmental constraints prevent optimal operation of a key component
One part interferes with another's performance
A component needs operating conditions different from the main system
Cost can be reduced by extracting and remotely providing a function
Safety requires separating hazardous elements from people

The Process

Step 1: Identify the Interference or Essential Property

What is causing harm, or what essential function is constrained by its current location?

Example: Aircraft cabin air conditioning burns expensive jet fuel when engines run to power it.

Step 2: Determine Extraction Direction

Extract Harmful Part: Move the problem source away from the affected area
Extract Essential Part: Move the valuable component to where it operates better

Example: Extract the cooling function from the aircraft to a ground unit.

Step 3: Design the Separation Mechanism

How will the extracted part maintain necessary connections while operating remotely?

Example: Ground-based AC unit connects via flexible hose to aircraft cabin during boarding.

Step 4: Optimize the Extracted Component

Now free from constraints, the extracted part can be optimized for its specific function.

Example: Ground AC unit can use efficient electric power, unlimited water cooling, larger capacity.

Step 5: Verify Remaining System Functions Correctly

Ensure the main system still operates properly with the extraction in place.

Example Application

Situation (Dow Corning - Xiameter): Dow Corning needed to serve price-sensitive commodity silicone customers without cannibalizing their premium service-inclusive business model.

Application:

Interference: Full-service model's cost structure priced out commodity buyers
Direction: Extract the "service" component from the product offering
Mechanism: Create entirely separate business entity (Xiameter) with no-service, low-price model
Optimization: Xiameter optimized for pure shipping logistics - no technical support, no customization
Verification: Main Dow Corning brand maintained premium positioning for service-requiring customers

Outcome: Captured commodity market segment without eroding premium brand margins. Each entity optimized for its customer segment.

Example Application (Industrial)

Situation: Cogeneration plants pollute residential areas with smoke, particulates, and CO emissions.